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Quali sono le sezioni critiche in questo programma? Descrivi il comportamento e i possibili output del programma concorrente. Il terzo thread somma i risultati dei primi due. Quanti semafori sono necessari? Come devono essere inizializzati i semafori? Scrivi una pseudocodiwca della soluzione. Al termine della proiezione due hostess intervistano gli spettatori richiedendo un parere espresso con un numero da 1 a 5.

Si richiede di gestire le sincronizzazioni e di scrivere il codice per visualizzare ordinatamente la classiwca dei pareri ricevuti. Scrivi una possibile soluzione in pseudocodiwca. Descrivi al situazione regolando la sincronizzazione in modo tale che al massimo possano passare autovetture consecutivamente per senso di marcia. Successivamente introduci la condizione che possano sopraggiungere sia autovetture che camion ma che, per il loro peso, questi ultimi debbano attraversare il ponte da soli.

Per questo motivo sono state portate al di fuori della regione critica le operazioni di deposito e di prelievo dei dati. Suggerimento: non effettuare incrementi circolari dei due indici togli e metti e gli accessi circolari alle celle del buffer. Impostare una soluzione a questo problema utilizzando i semafori di Dijkstra. Discuti il funzionamento della sincronizzazione e, nel caso ci sia un errore di programmazione o di inizializzazione, proponi una soluzione corretta.

Esistono diverse soluzioni a questo problema, in base alle ipotesi che vengono fatte sulle possibili situazioni di funzionamento. Quindi sincro non viene sbloccato ogni volta che un lettore esaurisce il suo lavoro, ma solo quando tutti i lettori hanno terminato. Poniamoci ora due domande: 1 quando un lettore rimane in attesa?

Volendo riscriverla su di una piattaforma che non ha le primitive semaforiche, come si possono realizzare le sezioni critiche? Modiwca il codice in tale senso. Oltre ai giornalisti, al bar accedono sia i tifosi della squadra locale che quelli della squadra ospite.

Scrivi le classi opportune necessarie per coordinare barista, giornalisti e tifosi delle opposte fazioni facendo in modo che si dia la precedenza di accesso al bar ai tifosi della squadra ospite. Un cliente quando arriva deve svegliare il barbiere, se addormentato, o accomodarsi su una delle sedie in attesa che wnisca il taglio corrente.

Scrivi le classi opportune necessarie per coordinare il barbiere e i clienti. In questo caso si possono allocare le risorse per ogni processo della sequenza in un ordine preciso e continuare a evitare un deadlock. Esistono algoritmi che garantiscono la permanenza sempre in stati sicuri e tra tutti ricordiamo il cosiddetto algoritmo del banchiere, proposto da Dijkstra nel In questo algoritmo avviene la richiesta di una risorsa singola: se invece si ipotizza che la banca possa fare prestiti in diverse valute si ottiene il caso generale di sistema con classi di risorse multiple.

Con la prevention il deadlock viene eliminato strutturalmente. Il rollback costituisce un metodo per la risoluzione del deadlock. Due processi che non accedono mai a risorse comuni non possono mai essere coinvolti in una situazione di stallo.

Determina la risposta individuando gli eventuali cicli presenti. Determina la risposta effettuando le opportune riduzioni. Inizialmente tutte le risorse sono disponibili. Queste sequenze provocano stallo? Motivare le risposte rappresentando nel grafo lo stato al termine di ciascuna sequenza. In caso affermativo dire quali sono i processi la cui terminazione forzata permetterebbe di far terminare correttamente il maggior numero di processi.

In caso negativo dire quale ulteriore richiesta porterebbe il sistema in deadlock. Rappresentare lo stato del sistema con il grafo di Holt e motivare la risposta. Motivare la risposta. This notation takes the form of objectname. I monitor devono essere presenti nel linguaggio di programmazione e sono stati progettati per sistemi con memoria comune; non funzionano in ambiente distribuito.

Vediamo un secondo esempio di utilizzo del monitor come gestore di una risorsa. In questo modello architetturale di macchina concorrente il concetto di gestore di una risorsa coincide con quello di processo server. Client e server comunicano tra loro esclusivamente interagendo con un meccanismo di scambio di messaggi.

In questa lezione descriveremo per ciascuno le caratteristiche essenziali e le primitive che ne permettono il funzionamento.

Processo consumatore1 inizio port int canale1;. Come avviene la comunicazione asincrona? Come avviene la comunicazione sincrona? Che cosa si intende per rendez-vous stretto?

Che cosa si intende per rendez-vous esteso? Quali primitive vengono utilizzate per realizzare la comunicazione mediante lo scambio di messaggi? Vediamo un esempio con la seguente tabella: Destinazione Y Data la rete di wgura, scrivi la tabella di instradamento del router R1 per indirizzare anche le seguenti reti: Rete Maschera First hop Pacchetti ricevuti A.

Nella tabella sono presenti i possibili percorsi verso le reti remote: questi dati devono essere inseriti e memorizzati nel dispositivo e mantenuti costantemente aggiornati. A 1 D R B 3 2 La scelta di inoltro verso il nodo 1 piuttosto che verso il nodo 2 viene fatta in base alle politiche di instradamento utilizzando gli algoritmi di routing. Nella maggior parte delle reti i due tipi di routing, statico e dinamico, operano congiuntamente. Nel routing dinamico le informazioni vengono ricevute dagli altri router.

Nel routing statico le tabelle non subiscono mai modiwche. Nel routing statico gli algoritmi sono di tipo adattativo. Gli algoritmi statici sono anche detti algoritmi di link state. Gli algoritmi dinamici sono anche detti algoritmi di distance state. E D A F C In generale, se non viene esplicitamente indicato, un grafo si intende sempre non orientato. Vediamo un secondo esempio.

Nel seguente esempio individuiamo su un grafo pesato orientato due cammini tra il nodo A e il nodo D. In un albero non possono esistere quindi percorsi chiusi cicli e per ogni coppia di nodi esiste uno e un solo cammino che li congiunge. Informally, a spanning tree of G is a selection of edges of G that form a tree spanning every vertex. Can be found using the shortest path algorithm from destination to all sources giving optimal though not necessarily unique route.

Con passeggiata si intende un cammino con nodi distinti. Se a un grafo si eliminano gli archi che determinano i cicli si ottiene uno spanning tree. Al ricevimento dei LSP ogni nodo si costruisce un database di LSP e una mappa completa della topologia della rete e sulla base di questa informazione provvede successivamente a calcolare i cammini minimi verso tutte le destinazioni. Partiamo da A ed etichettiamo B con 1 e F con 3. La conwgurazione manuale viene comunque sempre utilizzata negli end-host.

Il metodo di Dijkstra si utilizza solo sui graw non orientati. Triggered updates do not wait for update timers to expire. The detecting router immediately sends an update message to adjacent routers.

Quando un nodo riceve dal suo vicino un aggiornamento analizza la tabella e se la nuova indicazione segnala un cammino migliore rispetto a quello che lui ha memorizzato, lo sostituisce con questo nuovo valore.

DX Dest. A Per prima cosa ogni router sostituisce i dati ricevuti dai DV adiacenti nel caso fossero presenti valori inferiori a quelli presenti nella propria tabella; B applica la formula di BF per individuare il proprio percorso minimo. Tabella del nodo x Costo verso Da Per il nodo x: A si sostituisce un elemento nella terza riga; B il calcolo non individua nessun percorso migliore di quelli presenti, quindi non deve inviare nessun aggiornamento. Riportiamo sinteticamente di seguito i tre casi in cui siamo in presenza di una situazione problematica.

Il Router C elimina questo percorso dalla propria routing table e al successivo update, il Router C invia la sua tabella a Router B, il quale rimuove la entry corrispondente alla Rete1. Con neighbour si intendono gli host conwnanti, direttamente raggiungili con un unico hop. I routing loop si possono veriwcare se le routing table non sono aggiornate. I routing loop si possono veriwcare se le routing table sono inconsistenti.

Solo lo split horizon con poison reverse elimina i loop solo fra router adiacenti. You can also use virtual links to connect two parts of a partitioned backbone through a non-backbone area.

IP-2 0 address 0 0 metric address family id. Come vedremo in seguito, i messaggi RIP vengono incapsulati nel protocollo UDP: viene utilizzata per questo servizio la porta Se inoltre non arrivano messaggi di advertisement da una route per secondi questa route viene cancellata dai DV e viene eventualmente inserita successivamente dalla analisi dei dati dei DV arrivati in seguito dagli altri ruoter.

Il router R1 riceve dal router R2 i due dati relativi alle entry presenti nella sua tabella ed effettua la fusione con la propria tabella di routing, aggiungendo la sola entry mancante, la strada verso Tipo 4: AS boundary routers summary link advertisement Serve per propagare altre informazioni di livello 2 nelle aree, come il costo dal router che ha generato il LSA, verso un AS boundary router.

Devono quindi eseguire sia protocolli di routing intra-AS che di routing inter-AS. Inter-AS border exterior gateway routers C. Prefix: x. Gli autonomous system AS sono dei raggruppamenti logici di computer. I router interni non possono comunicare con i router di frontiera. Un AS con un solo router di conwne prende il nome di stub. I router multi-homed non-transit sono generalmente di grandi corporate.

A Link to Completa il seguente messaggio che il protocollo RIP emette verso i suoi adiacenti per descrivere questo aggiornamento. Digitando semplicemente route al prompt dei comandi vengono elencate tutte le opzioni disponibili. Che messaggi usa e in che modo? B quali reti annunciano il Router1 nei propri messaggi RIP? Packet Tracer 5. Impiegano tutti lo stesso tempo?

IP prot. Le entity usano i protocolli per implementare i propri servizi. I numeri di porta da a sono riservati a porte registrate e sono usati da alcuni servizi ma possono anche essere utilizzate dai client tutti i client usano normalmente le porte a partire dalla numero per collegarsi a un sistema remoto.

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Explain that they know. Then in pairs they compare and share their quality of life refers to the level of health, comfort and knowledge, using the dictionary when they are unsure of a happiness you experience in your daily life.

Ask students to word. While students are doing this, take note of the words suggest things that give a good quality of life, e. Then play the recording. Yes them out on a map. Vienna home to get their views. We used to live in New York, but web and describe them to the class in the next lesson. There is now we live in Vienna. When we first arrived in travel guides and video illustrating sites in Mexico City. Vienna, we stayed in a hotel for two weeks and looked for an apartment.

Vienna is a great city for teenagers! I can go out with my friends in the ones in Exercise 3. Amy Why do you think Vienna was voted the best? And the city never feels overcrowded. My parents used to live in a small apartment in the city 6 centre. My dad used to work in a bank, but he changed jobs. We moved to the suburbs at that time. Amy Thanks very much. Back to you, Bob. Help them to go out; Vienna: quiet, great public transport, good to understand what this project is about.

As a class, compile two lists on the board under Suggested answers the headings New York and Vienna. You can leave the list about Vienna on the board for the next exercise. Container City, London. This was a project to build durable 5 She says the city offers great public transport, good low-cost housing very quickly by fitting together old restaurants, cinemas and concerts. The company behind the project Urban Space Management Limited has also constructed 4 classrooms, sports centres, offices and other spaces in the same way.

Search online for more images of homes made Personal answers from shipping containers. Teaching tip Limiting scope 9 Sometimes open discussion exercises can be daunting for students at this level. Give one reason. What did Brenda dream about? Ask if used to Answers refers to the present or the past the past.

In contrast I used to ride my 2 bike to school in the autumn implies that the action was Answers repeated regularly and the person no longer does this. When I was younger, I went to school by bus. Audioscript When I was eight years old, my family 1 moved to a Exam tip different city and I 2 changed schools. My dad 3 worked Grammatical companions as a teacher and he 4 started teaching Maths in my new It is helpful for students to learn words that often appear school. Now I feel bad about this, but at the time I 5 hated with certain grammatical structures and make a note in having Dad as my teacher.

Some of the kids in the class their grammar notebook. With used to, it is common to 6 treated me badly and I was very unhappy. Today, of contrast past habits we no longer have with what we do course, I think I was lucky: he was a great teacher. I used to live in Los Angeles. Now I live in New York. She used to live in a normal house, but now she lives in a shipping container.

It orbits the Earth and can be seen by Answers the naked eye. They all end in -tion. Play the recording so that students can check their answers. Point out that the stress in the verb is on the second quickly at other words in the paragraphs. Tell students to underline the stressed syllable in each word. To do this, they can use key words or Exam tip numbers in the question. For example, in Exercise 6 item 1, students have to find which item — a bedroom or a bed — is Learning word families the size of a telephone box.

Students look quickly through Learning related forms of a word, e. When they find one or more of these words, they can prepare for exams. For example, some test items ask students stop and read closely to find the correct answer to item 1.

Encourage learners to make a note of related word forms noun, verb, adjective, adverb and to use each in a sentence. When we know the facts about something, we can make good choices, e. With an opinion, you can state an opposite point of view. Suggested answers Extension Students could mention the computer and monitor, and Ask students to think of a few statements, some facts, some perhaps the torch and sleeping bag.

Then collect and mix all of the sentences up. Write them on the board. Put students into 5 Competences pairs and have them decide which statements are facts and which ones opinions. Go captions to photos which we look at. Have a class vote about minute.

It is good to give a time limit for skimming to the most important items to take to the ISS. Students answer with was going or were going. Ask if students would like to live on one. Play the Answers recording and ask students to listen for gist. But the most special object is definitely the Consensus answering photo album my grandmother gave me. I remember the first time I saw the photos with her — I was about five — and I loved Students can learn a lot by reaching their answer by looking at them and listening to her telling me all about the consensus.

Allocate one question to each student, i. And then on my seventh birthday she gave me there are six questions, students will each have a number the album to keep. Every few months, I used to take out the from 1—6. They scan the text just for the answer to that album and ask her to tell me all the stories connected with question. We did this together until she and ask one of them to read the question and to answer it.

The album has lots of black and Ask the other students in that group: Do you agree with white photos, some from the early s, and while my that answer?. If one to add to the album every year. One of independently of the teacher. It shows him standing up on one leg on a horse. His speciality was working they have just answered in Exercise 5.

Tell grandmother had seven grandchildren, but I was the only one them to scan the paragraph for the information they need. In pairs, use them when describing people, places, experiences, etc.

Each student should talk about their place, using the questions to guide them. Number Forest Lane is a great family home and is actually composed of two 9 buildings. On the ground floor there class, set this for homework, allowing time for the peer are three reception rooms, a kitchen, and a bathroom. On the review in the next lesson. Everything is modern and what makes the cottage extra special is the magnificent view from the living room of the town and its famous lake.

How are you feeling now? Audioscript We have an absolutely wonderful property to tell you about. She designed the house on page Read out the quote and ask students to translate it. Read the Competences box. There are not really any right or wrong answers to this exercise. Giving your name, job etc. We focus only on the stressed words, usually YOUR TALK nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and particularly on those that are repeated several times and relate to any titles 4 or headings.

At the end, she refers back to being nine again and her feelings. Illustrate their meanings by drawing each shape. Answers a, c. It can get hot in the tropics, so Why are doors so often rectangular? Why not round? But some How could you make a door better? Well, its hinges battle rooms have tall windows to keep the air conditioning in and with gravity, and gravity will always win in the end, so why the bugs out.

This room we left open. We made an air- not have it pivot on the centre where it can stay balanced? This one is a basket in the corner of the living words to answer the question What is she talking about? We have not quite figured out our acoustic She is talking about the different shapes that doors can be.

It grows on otherwise unproductive land — deep ravines, mountainsides. It lives off of rainwater, Note: If you are short of time, or want a different approach to spring water, sunlight and of the 1, species of bamboo the video, you may want to watch the whole talk all the way that grow across the world, we use just seven of them. A version my dad.

Each year, it sends up a new Teaching tip generation of shoots. Now, we harvest from hundreds of first viewing with the sound off. As students focus only on family-owned clumps. Using this down the mountain. Slam four tons you to pre-teach vocabulary and prepare students to listen straight down on a pole, and it can take it. And when I first saw these structures under construction Answers about six years ago, I just thought, this makes perfect sense. This is a six-storey bespoke home on Answers the island of Bali.

Inspire people. It values the artisan. Allow a few minutes for the discussion and then designers and engineers, and always remember that you are ask a spokesperson from each group to summarize the designing for curving, tapering, hollow poles. No two poles discussion for the class. The tried-and- true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do Exam tip not apply here. We have had to invent our own rules. So we design fluently and accurately as they can in a specified amount in real 3D, making scale structural models out of the same of time.

Some prompts will be general questions, e. And bamboo is your idea of a dream house? And we e. When it comes down to the details, we consider everything. Well, its hinges battle with gravity, and gravity few items you might find in each. And the floor that you walk long and include images, e. Can it change the floor plan. Encourage them to be creative.

When remember being nine years old and feeling wonder, and other students listen, they should take notes by answering possibility, and a little bit of idealism.

Thank you. Can you be happy, but not healthy? Can Introduction you be healthy, but not happy? Although the teenager may not be aware of it, there are a 3A Whole-person health number of health benefits associated with eating fish.

Listening An interview with a researcher in Tanzania Other kinds of fish such as salmon are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower cholesterol. Studies have 3B Painless also found that people who get most of their calories from Word building seafood and plants suffer fewer serious illnesses such as Synonyms cancer and heart disease and often live longer, happier Reading lives.

Feeling no pain Critical thinking 1 Making ideas clear 3C What makes us happy? Tell students to work in pairs to health problems answer them: When people are very ill, where do they go? Are you in pain? Notice any about Dr George Bwelle. Tell students to stand.

Any student Pages 36—37 who touches their arm has to sit down. Write these items on the Word families board: have a stomachache after a big meal, have a pain in Learning different forms of a word, e. Ask students helps with exams in several ways: sometimes students What would you do in these situations?

Where would you go: need to write a different form of a word related to a base to the doctor, the hospital, the chemist or nowhere? Students word; sometimes different forms are used in a text and a discuss these questions with a partner.

In all cases, individually. Make B1 Preliminary for Schools: Listening Part 3 sure they understand what in their mind means imagined or unreal , which is different from on their mind something Answers that they think about a lot. Students tick the ideas that they hear. We know that doctors fix and uncountable nouns, e. About eighty years ago, Paul nouns food, sleep, stress, time. His work was much, a little very popular and his books were translated into many languages.

Students are likely to know any, no, But even now, some doctors and nurses still think about several. This is why we sometimes visit the doctor even pharmacy. Ask What is this paragraph about? Doctors ask a few questions about food, common medicines we take that come from animals and exercise, happiness and so on. Do you eat a lot of fruit and plants in nature. How much stress do you have in your life? Explain that when we can help us stay healthy. Ask students to tell you which Amy Hello.

When students record new words medicine? Amy The truth is that no one knows. Information about the photo Amy In and , I did more than 80 interviews and wrote down the information. Queensland, north-east Australia, in the late s, but it now covers all of the country. It not only provides Amy It was a full-time job.

I travelled around Tanzania emergency transport to hospital for people in remote and worked many hours every day. Amy A lot! Before you play the recording again, write RFDS clinics, aeromedical transports and telehealth these sentences on the board, with phrases underlined as consultations.

Contrastive stress They treat patients using plants found in nature. She is interested in unlocking their secrets. How many different plants are there in Tanzania? For example in the case of item 3, the correct answer and skim the text quickly.

Ask them: What is this reading is not stated directly, but we can guess it from what the text about? What is the meaning of painless? Ask students for a synonym for each illness, intelligent. But later they found out that Exam tip there were others with the condition. For example, painful and sore are has a headache, a high temperature and a sore throat. After my gym class, my Sentence 2 gives specific examples of his symptoms and legs were sore.

When students learn words with similar makes his situation clearer. Ashlyn Blocker was a quiet baby. She 2 1. They should also change the verbs in each sentence into the past if necessary, e. Phrasal verbs consist of a main verb Personal answers followed by a preposition or adverb.

We usually refer to these as particles in the context of phrasal verbs. It is sometimes difficult to work out talking about what makes teenagers happy. Look listening, they should read the sentences and fill in the out! Be careful! Boy Hey, did you see this article on teen happiness? Answers Girl No, what is it? They interviewed , teenagers in almost forty countries. Extension Girl Did they find out what makes us happy?

Some phrasal verbs are intransitive, i. They say good health, exercise, object: The plane took off. Other phrasal verbs are transitive, i. It is the transitive phrasal verbs that can give students Girl OK … So what makes you happy?

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In che cosa consiste una regione critica? Inoltre, per entrambe le situazioni, i mail server hanno memorizzato la coda dei messaggi in uscita contenente i messaggi non ancora recapitati. Quindi i pacchetti rispettivamente vengono instradati: A

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Box 6 Recanati Italy info elilaspigaedizioni. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ELI. While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders, if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

Vi ringraziamo se vorrete scriverci al seguente indirizzo: redazione elionline. Componenti integrativi virtual pc download per competenze. The UN Agenda. Video Functions F Making suggestions p. Video Functions G Reacting to ideas p. Dead Poets Society pp. The Circle Workbook Units 1—10 componenti integrativi virtual pc download. Tutti i materiali docente sono scaricabili dal sito www. Gli studenti leggono le domande, poi alcuni di loro vengono chiamti a condividere con la classe le loro idee.

In questo modo gli studenti hanno tutto il tempo di prepararsi e godono di uno spazio privato per esprimere se stessi. I testi sono di vario genere e agli studenti vengono proposti varie tipologie di interazione. Non si tratta solo di imparare parole ed espressioni nuove ma anche di entrare in contatto con nuove idee e nuove opinioni.

Si vedano i suggerimenti in questa guida. Le idee delle sezioni di pronuncia si possono applicare ad altre sezioni del libro. Why might you Y? Can you give three examples of Z? Ci sono esempi specifici di questo tipo di domande nelle note didattiche. Alcuni consigli sono ripetuti nei diversi livelli del corso e si suggerisce di rinforzarli controllando che gli studenti li ricordino ogni volta che un esercizio simile compare nel lavoro di classe.

Contenuti coinvolgenti presentano alla classe aspetti Contesti significativi offrono del mondo attuale e al tempo stesso contestualizzano la esercitazioni motivanti. Sono tutti registrati per un ulteriore esercizio di ascolto. Speaking and Нажмите чтобы узнать больше quinta doppia pagina Questa lezione permette agli studenti di esprimersi in modo personale sui temi che sono stati discussi finora e di sviluppare strategie chiave nel parlato e nello scritto.

Vengono messe in evidenza Vengono evidenziate le strategie connesse le espressioni da usare per con la funzione in obiettivo e vengono comunicare oralmente. Gli modello di testo scritto. Dal al sono state introdotte nelle classi italiane le LIM lavagne interattive multimediali e sono stati avviati i progetti Classi 2. Con La Buona Scuola legge 13 luglion.

Esso raccoglie подробнее на этой странице un unico ambiente multimediale tutte le risorse del corso e offre un accesso diretto alle piattaforme e alle risorse online. Al loro interno possono contenere audio e video. Le Grammar Video Maps sono delle mappe grammaticali interattive ed esplorabili direttamente dallo studente, con audio delle spiegazioni in italiano ed esempi in inglese.

Il FLIP BOOK diviene quindi uno strumento da personalizzare, arricchendolo di risorse, funzioni e materiali integrativi, in base alle proprie esigenze formative.

Per maggiori informazioni, si rimanda al sito www. Per maggiori informazioni, si vada su support. Tutti i contenuti multimediali del corso sono infatti sempre a disposizione con un semplice click dal proprio supporto mobile.

Le conoscenze sono un insieme di componenti integrativi virtual pc download, principi, teorie e pratiche relative ad un settore di lavoro o di studio. The EU key competences are: 1 Communication in the mother tongue, which is the ability to express and interpret concepts, componenti integrativi virtual pc download, feelings, facts and opinions in both oral and written form listening, speaking, reading and writing and to interact linguistically in an appropriate and creative way in http://replace.me/11918.txt full range of societal and cultural contexts; 2 Communication in foreign languages, which involves, in addition to the main skill dimensions of communication in the mother tongue, mediation and intercultural understanding.

The level of посетить страницу источник depends on several factors and the capacity for componenti integrativi virtual pc download, speaking, reading and writing; 3 Mathematical competence and basic competences in science and technology.

Mathematical competence is the ability to develop and apply mathematical thinking in order to solve a range of problems in everyday situations, with the emphasis being placed on process, activity and knowledge. Basic competences in science and technology refer to the mastery, use and application of knowledge and methodologies that explain the natural world. Social competence refers to personal, interpersonal and intercultural competence and all forms of behaviour that equip individuals to participate in an effective and constructive way in social and working life.

Componenti integrativi virtual pc download is linked to personal and social well-being. An understanding of codes of conduct and customs in the different environments in which individuals operate is essential. Civic competence, and particularly knowledge of social and political concepts and structures democracy, justice, equality, citizenship and civil rightsequips individuals to engage in active and democratic participation; 7 Sense of initiative and entrepreneurship is the ability to turn ideas into action.

It involves creativity, componenti integrativi virtual pc download and risk-taking, as well as the ability to plan and manage projects in order to achieve objectives. Componenti integrativi virtual pc download is the foundation for acquiring more specific componenti integrativi virtual pc download and knowledge needed by those establishing or contributing to social or commercial activity.

This should include awareness of ethical values and promote good governance; 8 Cultural awareness and expression, which involves appreciation componenti integrativi virtual pc download the importance of the creative expression of ideas, experiences and emotions in a range of media music, performing arts, literature and the visual arts.

Le competenze chiave di cittadinanza Nel Decreto ministeriale n. Esse sono:. Comunicazione efficace: esprimersi in modo efficace componenti integrativi virtual pc download a livello verbale che non verbale Consiste nel sapersi esprimere, sia verbalmente che non verbalmente, in modo efficace e congruo alla componenti integrativi virtual pc download cultura e in ogni situazione particolare.

Prerequisito indispensabile per una comunicazione efficace, per relazioni interpersonali positive e per la comprensione empatica degli altri. Mantenere buone relazioni con le persone по этому сообщению di avere aiuto in caso di bisogno. Sa proporre e sostenere le proprie opinioni e assumere autonomamente decisioni consapevoli. The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment CEFR presents a comprehensive descriptive scheme of language proficiency and a set of common reference levels A1-C2 defined in illustrative descriptor scales, plus options for curriculum design promoting plurilingual and intercultural componenti integrativi virtual pc download, further elaborated in the Guide mentioned in the introduction.

As its title suggests, the CEFR is concerned principally with learning and teaching. It aims to facilitate transparency and coherence between curriculum, teaching and assessment within an institution and transparency and coherence between institutions, educational sectors, regions and countries.

Changes to C2 Most of the changes proposed in the list in Appendix 7 concern C2 descriptors included in the descriptors set. Changes to A1-C1 Very few changes are proposed to other descriptors. The scale for Phonological control has been replaced see below.

Phonology The scale for Phonological control has been redeveloped, with a focus on Sound articulation and Prosodic features. In addition to a focus on activities to mediate a text, scales are provided for mediating concepts and for mediating communication, giving a total of 19 scales for mediation activities. Mediation выходит, upcoming hindi movies songs download считаю 5 scales are concerned with strategies employed during the mediation process, rather than in preparation for it.

Pluricultural The scale Building on pluricultural repertoire describes the use of pluricultural competences in a communicative situation. Thus, it is skills rather than knowledge or attitudes that are the focus. The scale shows a high degree of coherence with the existing CEFR scale Sociolinguistic адрес страницы, although it was developed independently.

Plurilingual The level of each descriptor in the scale Building on plurilingual repertoire is the functional level of the componenti integrativi virtual pc download language in the componenti integrativi virtual pc download.

Users may wish to indicate explicitly which languages are involved. Specification It is recommended that, as part of the adaptation of the descriptors for practical use in a of languages particular context, the relevant languages should be specified in relation to: involved – Cross-linguistic mediation particularly scales for Componenti integrativi virtual pc download a text – Plurilingual comprehension – Building on plurilingual repertoire.

Literature There are three componenti integrativi virtual pc download scales relevant to creative text and literature: – Reading as a leisure activity the purely receptive process; descriptors taken from other sets of CEFR-based descriptors – Expressing a personal response to creative texts less intellectual, lower levels – Analysis and criticism of creative texts more intellectual, higher levels Online There are two new scales for the following categories: – Online conversation componenti integrativi virtual pc download discussion – Goal-oriented online transactions and collaboration.

Both these scales concern the multimodal activity typical of web use, including just checking or exchanging responses, spoken interaction and componenti integrativi virtual pc download production in live link-ups, using chat written spoken languagelonger blogging or written componenti integrativi virtual pc download to discussion, and embedding other media.

Other new New scales are provided for the following categories that were missing in the set, with descriptor scales descriptors taken from other sets of CEFR-based descriptors: – Using telecommunications – Giving information New descriptors The new descriptor scales have been formally validated and calibrated to the mathematical scale are calibrated to from the original research that underlies the CEFR levels and descriptor scales.

In addition, seven scales specifically for signing competence are included in this Volume on the basis of research conducted in Switzerland. Parallel project: Young learners Two collations of descriptors for young learners from ELPs are provided: for the 7—10 and 11—15 age groups respectively. At the moment, no young learner descriptors have been related to descriptors on the new scales, but the relevance for young learners is indicated. There are four papers:.

Reading: 45 minutes Candidates need to be able to understand the main points from signs, newspapers and magazines and use vocabulary and structure correctly. Writing: componenti integrativi virtual pc download minutes Candidates need to be able to respond to an email and to write either an article or a story. Listening: 30 minutes — approximately Candidates need to show they can follow and understand a range of spoken materials including announcements and discussions about everyday life.

Speaking: minutes Candidates take the Speaking test with another candidate or in a group of three. They are tested on their ability to take part in different types of interaction: with the examiner, with the other candidate and by themselves. B1 Preliminary for Schools in detail Reading Tasks. Part Number of Number of Task types What do candidates have to do?

Show understanding of how coherent and well- structured text is formed. An element of grammatical knowledge may be tested, e. Show knowledge of grammatical structures, phrasal verbs and fixed phrases. Total 32 Candidates are assessed using four subscales: Content, Communicative Achievement, Organisation and Language.

Total componenti integrativi virtual pc download Total 25 Part Timing Interaction Task type Componenti integrativi virtual pc download do candidates have to do? Candidate 2 3 minutes Candidate Extended turn Describe one colour photograph, talking for extended turn about 1 minute. Candidate Total For more detailed information, please download the Trinity Exam Information booklet from www.

You must ask the examiner at least one related question during the Conversation phase. For the exam, you must know and be able to use the language items for Grade 5 and for the previous grades. For Grade 5, you must understand and use the functions, grammar and vocabulary relating to the subject areas below. You must ask the examiner at least two related questions during the Conversation phase.

For продолжить чтение exam, you must know and be able to use the language items for Grade 6 and for the previous grades.

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Science & Reiki Database – Componenti integrativi virtual pc download

 
 

Prospettive sul prodotto 2. Funzioni del prodotto 3. Caratteristiche degli utenti 4. Vincoli generali 5. Assunzioni e dipendenze 3 Requisiti speciwci 1. Architettura: strutturazione in sottosistemi a cui riferire i requisiti 4.

Modelli del sistema 6. Evoluzione del sistema 4 Appendici 1. Individuazione ed eventuale descrizione della piattaforma hardware 2. Requisiti di DataBase 3. Per le altre componenti del SRS non sono necessarie ulteriori spiegazioni. Introduction 1. Purpose Scopo del documento 1. Scope Scopo del prodotto 1. References 1. Overview Descrizione generale del resto del documento 2. General Description 2. Product Perspective 2. Product Functions 2. User Characteristics 2. General Constraints 2.

Speciwc Requirements 3. Functional Requirements 3. Functional Requirement 1 3. Introduction 3. Inputs 3. Processing 3. Output 3. External Interface Requirements 3. User Interfaces 3. Hardware Interfaces 3. Software Interfaces 3. Communications Interfaces 3. Performances Requirements 3.

Design Constraints 3. Hardware Limitation 3. Software System Attributes 3. Security 3. Other Requirements 3. Logical Database Requirements 3. Operations 3. OMG is also dedicated to bringing together end-users, government agencies, universities and research institutions in our communities of practice to share experiences in transitioning to new management and technology approaches like Cloud Computing.

Inoltre tutte le pagine dei documenti devono essere numerate progressivamente, indicando sempre anche il totale delle pagine esempio pag. Descriviamoli succintamente uno per uno. Viene sottoscritto da tutti membri del team in modo che ciascuno conosca i propri incarichi.

A milestone has zero duration and no effort — there is no work associated with a milestone. Nel caso di programmazione a oggetti vengono descritte le singole classi, le gerarchie, la modellizzazione dinamica e comportamentale dei singoli componenti.

Vengono inoltre descritte le interfacce utente e i dati presenti in ciascuna di esse. Viene quindi allegato il codice sorgente e il modello logico del database.

Tool esistenti I principali tool appositamente sviluppati per effettuare la generazione automatica della documentazione sono Javadoc e Doxygen. Sia Doxygen che Javadoc analizzano il codice sorgente ed estraggono informazioni dalla dichiarazione di strutture dati e da commenti scritti con una particolare sintassi, generando un ipertesto o un formato HTML oppure anche un formato pdf: li descriveremo entrambi.

Tabella del nodo x Costo verso Da Per il nodo x: A si sostituisce un elemento nella terza riga; B il calcolo non individua nessun percorso migliore di quelli presenti, quindi non deve inviare nessun aggiornamento.

Riportiamo sinteticamente di seguito i tre casi in cui siamo in presenza di una situazione problematica. Il Router C elimina questo percorso dalla propria routing table e al successivo update, il Router C invia la sua tabella a Router B, il quale rimuove la entry corrispondente alla Rete1.

Con neighbour si intendono gli host conwnanti, direttamente raggiungili con un unico hop. I routing loop si possono veriwcare se le routing table non sono aggiornate. I routing loop si possono veriwcare se le routing table sono inconsistenti. Solo lo split horizon con poison reverse elimina i loop solo fra router adiacenti. You can also use virtual links to connect two parts of a partitioned backbone through a non-backbone area.

IP-2 0 address 0 0 metric address family id. Come vedremo in seguito, i messaggi RIP vengono incapsulati nel protocollo UDP: viene utilizzata per questo servizio la porta Se inoltre non arrivano messaggi di advertisement da una route per secondi questa route viene cancellata dai DV e viene eventualmente inserita successivamente dalla analisi dei dati dei DV arrivati in seguito dagli altri ruoter.

Il router R1 riceve dal router R2 i due dati relativi alle entry presenti nella sua tabella ed effettua la fusione con la propria tabella di routing, aggiungendo la sola entry mancante, la strada verso Tipo 4: AS boundary routers summary link advertisement Serve per propagare altre informazioni di livello 2 nelle aree, come il costo dal router che ha generato il LSA, verso un AS boundary router.

Devono quindi eseguire sia protocolli di routing intra-AS che di routing inter-AS. Inter-AS border exterior gateway routers C. Prefix: x. Gli autonomous system AS sono dei raggruppamenti logici di computer.

I router interni non possono comunicare con i router di frontiera. Un AS con un solo router di conwne prende il nome di stub. I router multi-homed non-transit sono generalmente di grandi corporate. A Link to Completa il seguente messaggio che il protocollo RIP emette verso i suoi adiacenti per descrivere questo aggiornamento.

Digitando semplicemente route al prompt dei comandi vengono elencate tutte le opzioni disponibili. Che messaggi usa e in che modo? B quali reti annunciano il Router1 nei propri messaggi RIP? Packet Tracer 5.

Impiegano tutti lo stesso tempo? IP prot. Le entity usano i protocolli per implementare i propri servizi. I numeri di porta da a sono riservati a porte registrate e sono usati da alcuni servizi ma possono anche essere utilizzate dai client tutti i client usano normalmente le porte a partire dalla numero per collegarsi a un sistema remoto. I numeri di porta da a sono liberi per essere assegnati dinamicamente dai processi applicativi.

Di seguito sono riportati alcuni esempi. Quindi in rete sono presenti calcolatori su cui girano processi Server che erogano servizi e sono in attesa di ricevere richieste di connessione da parte di processi Client interessati a usufruire di tali servizi.

HTTP b FTP c La connection-oriented non richiede il rispetto della sequenza nella ricezione dei messaggi. Le porte logiche permettono di gestire yussi multipli di dati su una sola connessione wsica. Prende il nome di indirizzo del socket un numero di porta concatenato a un indirizzo IP.

Copies are automatically created in other network elements, such as routers, but only when the topology of the network requires it. For optimum communications, the number of bytes in the data segment and the header must add up to less than the number of bytes in the Maximum Transmission Unit MTU.

La pseudo intestazione non viene trasmessa, serve unicamente per il calcolo del checksum. Il ricevente calcola il checksum del segmento ricevuto e controlla tale valore con il contenuto del campo checksum: se ci sono delle differenze rileva la presenza di un errore. I segmenti inviati possono essere perduti durante la trasmissione pregiudicando il sistema. Ogni segmento UDP fa uso di UDP viene incapsulato in un Il mittente del messaggio calcola il checksum, analogamente a quanto accade per il checksum IP ma tenendo conto non solo dei campi Il protocollo TCP adotta la politica di conferma cumulativa: il numero di riscontro che viene trasmesso indica al ricevente che il mittente ha ricevuto e inoltrato al processo applicativo di livello superiore il segmento avente numero di sequenza uguale al numero di riscontro indicato -1 e anche tutti i segmenti a esso precedenti.

Quindi questo timer interviene per individuare le situazioni in cui cade la connessione. Per evitare che il timer scada inopportunamente, il TCP si occupa di mandare dei pacchetti vuoti se il mittente non ha nulla da inviare. When we wait for an acknowledgement to a packet for some time and it has not arrived yet, the packet is retransmitted. When the acknowlegement arrives, it causes the window to be repositioned and the transmission continues from the packet following the one transmitted last.

Per rendere afwdabile un canale si impiegano wnestre in trasmissione e in ricezione. Prima di iniziare la connessione vera e propria tra due computer si crea una connessione di tipo handshake che consiste nella trasmissione dei pacchetti necessari per regolare i parametri di connessione. La tabella seguente riporta la numerazione di alcune well-known ports di classiche applicazioni TCP.

Solitamente vengono parcheggiati nella memoria sino alla completa saturazione. To achieve this, he used the sign to separate the user from their machine, which has been used in email addresses ever since. Client application 2. Client application Server application 1.

Server application Client application 3. Vediamo un semplice procedimento che ci permette di impostare il valore del timeout di TCP.

Le porte con numero inferiore a non sono utilizzate nel protocollo TCP. Per sincronizzare il numero di sequenza iniziale il bit SYN deve essere settato a 1.

Ethernet impone come valore di MTU byte. AssemblyWorks Bild-ma 33, Constr. AssemblyWorks Sherbetov-m Ood 32, Constr. AssemblyWorks Et Lili-b. Kutinski 32, Constr.

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Belgium 5. Canada 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. France 9. Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Russian Federation Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States of America Bangladesh Visa fees for foreign nationals No. Afghanistan 5.

Albania 2. Algeria 1. Angola Argentina Page 1 of 5 Note: This OP 3. The revised terms are effective for all loans that are approved on or after July 1, Countries Ranked by Per Capita.

Name of Country a the total number of Indians who have sought political. Status: parties. This list is based on information. Cameroon The relevant licence must be obtained. Cape Verde Central. Status: Parties. The Global Fund policy states that countries can receive allocation only if their components.

Algeria Democratic and Popular. Not every county uses as its emergency contact. Call destinations and rates are subject to change. An additional per minute rate for international calls terminating on. Total merchandise trade October Total exports f. Appendix A. Generally, it is. Mainland, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U. Virgin Islands. This list is based on. Virta, Asbestos Commodity Specialist U.

Its portfolio at the beginning of June comprised. Introduction 2. Total Transfer Consolidated cross-border claims in all currencies and local claims in non-local currencies Up to and including one year Maturities Over one year up to two years Over two years Public Sector. Call rates These are our call rates from your home phone line to: International calls Information Services Operator Services Satellite calls You can find local, national and directory services call rates.

Statistical annex Country classification Data sources, country classifications and aggregation methodology The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and Prospects. Overview 1. If you don t select or already have a call plan, the standard call charges from UK landlines to international landlines across the world are shown below.

To save money on international calls as well as. Page status: legally binding Page 1 of 8 Taxation Determination Fringe benefits tax: reasonable amounts under section 31G of the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act for food and drink expenses incurred. World directory of medical schools Important note The World Health Organization has no authority to grant any form of recognition or accreditation to schools for the training of health personnel.

And when I first saw these structures under construction Answers about six years ago, I just thought, this makes perfect sense. This is a six-storey bespoke home on Answers the island of Bali.

Inspire people. It values the artisan. Allow a few minutes for the discussion and then designers and engineers, and always remember that you are ask a spokesperson from each group to summarize the designing for curving, tapering, hollow poles.

No two poles discussion for the class. The tried-and- true, well-crafted formulas and vocabulary of architecture do Exam tip not apply here. We have had to invent our own rules. So we design fluently and accurately as they can in a specified amount in real 3D, making scale structural models out of the same of time.

Some prompts will be general questions, e. And bamboo is your idea of a dream house? And we e. When it comes down to the details, we consider everything. Well, its hinges battle with gravity, and gravity few items you might find in each. And the floor that you walk long and include images, e. Can it change the floor plan. Encourage them to be creative. When remember being nine years old and feeling wonder, and other students listen, they should take notes by answering possibility, and a little bit of idealism.

Thank you. Can you be happy, but not healthy? Can Introduction you be healthy, but not happy? Although the teenager may not be aware of it, there are a 3A Whole-person health number of health benefits associated with eating fish. Listening An interview with a researcher in Tanzania Other kinds of fish such as salmon are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower cholesterol. Studies have 3B Painless also found that people who get most of their calories from Word building seafood and plants suffer fewer serious illnesses such as Synonyms cancer and heart disease and often live longer, happier Reading lives.

Feeling no pain Critical thinking 1 Making ideas clear 3C What makes us happy? Tell students to work in pairs to health problems answer them: When people are very ill, where do they go?

Are you in pain? Notice any about Dr George Bwelle. Tell students to stand. Any student Pages 36—37 who touches their arm has to sit down.

Write these items on the Word families board: have a stomachache after a big meal, have a pain in Learning different forms of a word, e. Ask students helps with exams in several ways: sometimes students What would you do in these situations? Where would you go: need to write a different form of a word related to a base to the doctor, the hospital, the chemist or nowhere?

Students word; sometimes different forms are used in a text and a discuss these questions with a partner. In all cases, individually. Make B1 Preliminary for Schools: Listening Part 3 sure they understand what in their mind means imagined or unreal , which is different from on their mind something Answers that they think about a lot.

Students tick the ideas that they hear. We know that doctors fix and uncountable nouns, e. About eighty years ago, Paul nouns food, sleep, stress, time. His work was much, a little very popular and his books were translated into many languages. Students are likely to know any, no, But even now, some doctors and nurses still think about several.

This is why we sometimes visit the doctor even pharmacy. Ask What is this paragraph about? Doctors ask a few questions about food, common medicines we take that come from animals and exercise, happiness and so on. Do you eat a lot of fruit and plants in nature. How much stress do you have in your life? Explain that when we can help us stay healthy. Ask students to tell you which Amy Hello.

When students record new words medicine? Amy The truth is that no one knows. Information about the photo Amy In and , I did more than 80 interviews and wrote down the information. Queensland, north-east Australia, in the late s, but it now covers all of the country. It not only provides Amy It was a full-time job. I travelled around Tanzania emergency transport to hospital for people in remote and worked many hours every day. Amy A lot! Before you play the recording again, write RFDS clinics, aeromedical transports and telehealth these sentences on the board, with phrases underlined as consultations.

Contrastive stress They treat patients using plants found in nature. She is interested in unlocking their secrets.

How many different plants are there in Tanzania? For example in the case of item 3, the correct answer and skim the text quickly. Ask them: What is this reading is not stated directly, but we can guess it from what the text about?

What is the meaning of painless? Ask students for a synonym for each illness, intelligent. But later they found out that Exam tip there were others with the condition. For example, painful and sore are has a headache, a high temperature and a sore throat. After my gym class, my Sentence 2 gives specific examples of his symptoms and legs were sore.

When students learn words with similar makes his situation clearer. Ashlyn Blocker was a quiet baby. She 2 1. They should also change the verbs in each sentence into the past if necessary, e.

Phrasal verbs consist of a main verb Personal answers followed by a preposition or adverb. We usually refer to these as particles in the context of phrasal verbs. It is sometimes difficult to work out talking about what makes teenagers happy.

Look listening, they should read the sentences and fill in the out! Be careful! Boy Hey, did you see this article on teen happiness? Answers Girl No, what is it? They interviewed , teenagers in almost forty countries. Extension Girl Did they find out what makes us happy?

Some phrasal verbs are intransitive, i. They say good health, exercise, object: The plane took off. Other phrasal verbs are transitive, i.

It is the transitive phrasal verbs that can give students Girl OK … So what makes you happy? Boy Me? I feel happy when I put my headphones on and listen to some music. Separable: the object a noun or pronoun can come between the verb and particle.

I always feel happy when I turn it on My father gave up smoking. My father gave smoking up. Boy Hmm. They say watching a lot of TV makes people My father gave it up. Inseparable: the object a noun or pronoun cannot come Girl Well, I sometimes watch TV with my friends.

What between the verb and particle. I tried to get on the flight to London. NOT I tried to get it on to London. Girl So what makes us unhappy? Boy School stress, according to the article.

Girl Taking the rubbish out. And I take the rubbish out every day! Tell in Talk the talk. Can I sit here? What are you having for lunch? Chris Hi Jill, sure. Junk food! Read them normally prepares my packed lunch for me.

I feel bad advice is easy to follow. Put a tick for each raised hand. Draw now. Everybody has food which is a bit unhealthy from time to time. But in my opinion, schools need to be stricter about the 9 drinks and food that they sell. No healthy choices formation and their use and position in the sentence. Teenagers are old enough to decide what to eat by themselves.

They can decide to eat as Answers much junk food as they want, whenever they want. It was impossible to choose something healthy here today. Exercise or sport is great for staying healthy. So what I said before is true. Teenagers can eat is an essential life skill. Go through the text of the what they like — even junk food — as long as they also infographic statement by statement, and ask students if exercise or work out.

Diet still has an important role. By the way They discuss the Are you looking for a type of exercise that combines statement in Exercise 3 and give their reasons for agreeing being outside and being with friends? Well, cycling is and disagreeing. Elicit some ideas to discuss as a class. I questions and acknowledging other ideas. Put a sign in each corner of your cycle paths so you can ride safely around the city.

Tell your students that you will read a statement you should put a helmet on. You can use the ideas in the book or you can come up with your own statement ideas. Put commonly held opinion. Then call on different pairs and record their answers on the board, e. Explain that they are going to rank the items language from the Useful Language box.

They should circle from most important 1 to least important 8. Personal answers 6. Doing this regularly can for writing an opinion essay: help students to think about the common mistakes they First paragraph: give your opinion There are many ways to make and look out for them when writing under time stay healthy. I think keeping fit is the best way to stay pressure.

Second paragraph: introduce your first reason with this kind of language: First of all or To start with. Third paragraph: introduce your second reason with this kind of language: In addition or Also.

Fourth paragraph: conclude your essay with this kind of language: To sum up or In conclusion. Ask What do you think education is for? Do your Videoconference with students around the world school subjects give you a lot of information? Which of the Grammar items listed below teach you work skills? Spanish is the most commonly studied foreign language in the US today. Overall, there are over 41 4C Skills for life million native speakers of Spanish in the US and another Grammar 12 million people who are bilingual speaking both Other comparative forms Spanish and English.

Ask Which country Opinions about your school do you think this is? It has the benefit of appealing to different Real English learning styles and it can be used to present words in Reading collocations and context. Point to the two subjects. Ask students to name skills they learn in school, e. Note that when we talk about taking arts or communication, social skills etc.

Add them to the map. Then ask a few volunteers to share their answers with the class. When students form their school at the age of eleven. They remain there either until questions, remind them to use the correct verb form and they are sixteen, when they can leave and go to work, or tense. They should note the name and if possible a little extra eighteen, when they can go to university.

In the UK most information for each student. I get As and Bs. The most established private schools are known Q: Did you attend primary school in this city? I attended In the United States, children typically attend elementary Q: Are you creative?

Then, at around thirteen or A: Yes, I am. I like to paint. In the US, public schools are gets good grades. Private schools are run by a is creative. The idea is that we learn about other countries from Pages 46—47 the inside — from people who live there. My topic is education. What countries are you talking to? Ask volunteers to tell the class what the Karina Yeah. Then brainstorm the benefits of talking also teaching them about the US. Of course, they to people from other countries.

Prepare a list of five to ten countries and ask Dave Yeah, I guess people all over the place watch your students to think of questions to ask a student of their American movies. What kind of school do you attend?

What classes do you take? What subject do you Karina But for most of them, this is the first time speaking to study every year? When do you take exams? Tell them students attend classes Monday to Friday, but most of they will hear some differences in expressions from British them also go to school on Saturday morning to do English, e. Pause it and ask What project is Karina doing Karina Right. And in England, you start elementary school with her class? Then finish Karina I know.

Schools are really different in other places. After you have checked the answers, see if they can correct the false ones. Karina Well, our friends in Brazil go to a public school, but some of the older students also go to a private school Answers on the weekend.

Karina Right. Everyone works the hardest before important exams. Audioscript Dave Yeah, right. Karina I think doing projects is the best way to learn. Dave Oh, hey, Karina. Great, thanks. How about you? Dave I thought you looked happy.

Karina And you know, a lot of things are different in other Karina Geography. We live in different now. A lot of the Dave Oh, yeah? Start with two objects and For the next listening activity, students fill in the missing say sentences such as This phone is bigger than that one. But words. It can be challenging to write and listen at the same this one is more colourful.

Add in the third object and say This time. When students Answers hear Poland, they can just write P or Po and complete the rest of the word at the end of the listening. Two-syllable Give them time at the end to complete any partial answers adjectives are more complicated.

Give students some basic that they may have written. Ask students What do most teenagers have comparative form, and the word the indicates the in common?

Brainstorm and put a list on the board. First, ask students How fast can you communication in a foreign language, especially run one kilometre? They write down the estimated time in communication online. Gibbons P. Meyer O. Prensky M. Ruggieri A. Vygotsky L. Wood D. Quali competenze dobbiamo dare alle nuove generazioni di nativi digitali? In che cosa si differenziano da quelle che la scuola e in generale il sistema formativo si proponevano di fornire in passato?

E nel fatto che si tratta in genere di messaggi e contenuti molecolari: una e-mail, un messaggio di stato su un social network, un tweet, un post su un blog, un brano musicale, un video su YouTube ecc. Non voglio affatto considerare questa situazione solo o principalmente in negativo. La rivoluzione digitale costituisce un vantaggio e non uno svantaggio per il lavoro di interpretazione del mondo che costituisce, in fondo, il vero obiettivo di qualunque processo formativo.

Pensiamo ad esempio proprio ai learning objects. Le piattaforme didattiche attuali sono ancora largamente insufficienti da questo punto di vista. Lo stesso discorso si potrebbe fare, a maggior ragione, per quanto riguarda i contenuti tratti dalla Rete.

Non si tratta dunque di tenere in inglese la stessa lezione che si sarebbe tenuta in italiano, ma di ripensare complessivamente sia le pratiche e le metodologie didattiche, sia i contenuti.

Bibliografia Roncaglia G. Negli ultimi anni ha assunto un ruolo cruciale nella riflessione educativa e nei processi di innovazione della scuola del nuovo millennio2, nel quadro della definizione. Ancora, in base alle linee programmatiche tracciate nel contesto italiano, nelle Indicazioni nazionali per i licei D. Entro questa data dovranno essere portati a compimento tanti, e diversi, obiettivi.

Comprendere il potenziale delle tecnologie di rete per la costruzione collaborativa della conoscenza. Il mondo della ricerca educativa e gli organismi internazionali si interro-. Per approfondimenti cfr. La sperimentazione: il primo anno del progetto E-CLIL Il modello della figure 2 e 3, proposto da Lloyd Rieber4, mette in relazione la prospettiva tradizionale di adozione delle tecnologie nella didattica limitata alle prime tre fasi del modello: familiarizzazione, utilizzazione e integrazione; cfr.

Tale modello potrebbe favorire la classificazione e la suddivisione per livelli di produzione di contenuti didattici digitali nella fase di sperimentazione del progetto in chiave clil. Il livello 1 afferisce alle prime due fasi proposte dal modello di Lloyd Rieber. Quali prospettive per una futura sperimentazione in chiave e-clil? Disciplina, lingua e tecnologia 7. Una didattica 2. I giovani della Net-Generation Net-Gen hanno acquisito un nuovo modo di apprendere e di divertirsi.

Web 2. I tool del 2. Sono di varia tipologia monolingui, bilingui, etimologici, dei sinonimi e dei contrari e ve ne sono di interessantissimi anche a livello visivo e interattivo.

Ne esistono di numerosi in Rete; tra questi si segnala Studio in mappa7,. Sul sito sono disponibili mappe organizzate per disciplina, che possono essere utilizzate in classe, modificate, personalizzate e reinterpretate liberamente. Introdotta per la prima volta da Bernie Dodge nel , fu poi perfezionata da Tom March. Gli allievi, infatti, provvedono non solo a reperire da soli le informazioni, ma anche a rielaborarle e a usarle per arrivare alla soluzione del compito assegnato Tosi, Va precisato che Second Life non sarebbe concepibile al di fuori della fase evolutiva di Internet in cui ci troviamo oggi, il web 2.

Di fatto, queste ultime hanno portato a compimento il processo di trasformazione degli utenti da consumatori a partecipanti, da fruitori passivi ad autori attivi.

Con Second Life cfr. Tali tassonomie costituiscono il punto di partenza per una progettazione didattica disciplinare in chiave e-clil. Joanne Hammond15 ha integrato la tassonomia rivisitata di Bloom con le risorse e i tool del web 2.

Lo studioso Jonassen ha raccolto i vari apporti di matrice costruttivista riunendoli in un quadro teorico, il Constructivist Learning Environments cfr. Anderson L. Ardizzone P. Bernardini A. Bloom B. Bonaiuti G. Calvani A. Metodi e strumenti per valutarla e svilupparla, Erickson, Trento. Castello V. Modelli e strumenti, FrancoAngeli, Milano. Dolci R. Faggioli M.

Landriscina F. Quando e come avvalersene, Erickson, Trento. Ranieri M. Modelli e strategie didattiche, Erickson, Trento. Rivoltella P. Problemi, didattiche, strumenti, Vita e Pensiero, Milano.

Tosi A. Yaiche F. Gli strumenti di scrittura disponibili sulla lavagna virtuale permettono a tutti i partecipanti di annotare, evidenziare, inserire frecce o forme sulla superficie della lavagna stessa, oppure sulle slide in condivisione.

Il webinar ha affrontato la dimensione della didattica digitale, offrendo suggerimenti e spunti tecnici ai docenti, soprattutto in riferimento alla realizzazione degli e-book, che ben si coniugano con la metodologia clil. Il webinar, tenuto in lingua francese, ha affrontato alcuni aspetti del web 2. Il lavoro ha prodotto mappe concettuali sui punti fondamentali. Lo sviluppo successivo del lavoro, come web 2. Queste metodologie sono funzionali a una didattica per competenze. Il nostro contesto scolastico presenta caratteristiche particolarmente favorevoli alla realizzazione di un progetto che punta sulla sinergia tra la metodologia clil e.

Sotto questo profilo molto resta da fare, per divulgare in modo efficace i caratteri della metodologia clil. Ecco i punteggi medi: 1 How would you evaluate e-clil in general? In particolare, i video selezionati sono stati giudicati talvolta molto positivamente, talaltra troppo difficili, persino incomprensibili, con richiesta di avere sottotitoli. A Physics Experiment with Ink The experiment consists in dropping an ink drop into water at different temperatures and in observing the movement of ink particles in water.

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