Altium Designer Tutorial: Step by Step Guide – 2017年06月23日

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This tutorial will help you get started by taking you through the entire process of designing a simple PCB – from idea to outputs files. This introductory tutorial is designed to give you an overview of how to create a schematic, update the design information to a PCB, route the PCB and generate.
 
 

– August 2022

 
This tutorial will help you get started by taking you through the entire process of designing a simple PCB – from idea to outputs files. This introductory tutorial is designed to give you an overview of how to create a schematic, update the design information to a PCB, route the PCB and generate.

 

Altium designer 17 tutorial for beginners free

 

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Altium designer 17 tutorial for beginners free.MATLAB CRACK 2018 free download with key

 
 

While the capacitor is still floating on the cursor, press the Tab key to open the Component Properties dialog. In the Properties section of the dialog, type in the Designator C1.

Leave all other fields at their default values and click OK to close the dialog, the capacitor will be floating on the cursor. Position the capacitor above the transistors but below the resistors refer to the schematic diagram shown earlier and click the Left Mouse Button or press Enter to place the part. Position and place capacitor C2. Right-click or press Esc to exit placement mode. Finding and Placing the Connector:. Return to the Vaults panel, and search for header, 2-pin, vertical to locate a suitable connector.

The search will return a number of potential terminal strips, some with 0. The search results list will change to show the 9 suitable headers that are in that folder. From the Description column you will see that some are low profile, one is a press fit, and four are standard through-hole headers.

From those that are standard through-hole headers, select CMP from the list to jump to that Vault component. While the header is floating on the cursor, press Tab to edit the attributes and set Designator to P1. Before placing the header, press Spacebar to rotate it to the correct orientation. Click to place the connector on the schematic, as shown in the image above.

Save your schematic shortcut: F, S. Component Positioning Tips To reposition any object, place the cursor directly over the object, click-and-hold the left mouse button, drag the object to a new position and then release the mouse button. Movement is constrained to the current snap grid, which is displayed on the Status bar, press the G shortcut at any time to cycle through the current snap grid settings.

Remember that it is important to position components on a coarse grid, such as 5 or You can also re-position a group of selected schematic objects using the arrow keys on the keyboard.

Select the objects, then press an arrow key while holding down the Ctrl key. Hold Shift as well to move objects by 10 times the current snap grid. The grid can also be temporarily set to 1 while moving an object with the mouse, hold Ctrl to do this. Use this feature when positioning text.

The grids you cycle through when you press the G shortcut are defined in the Schematic – Grids page of the Preferences dialog File » System Preferences. On the Schematic – General page of the Preferences dialog there are settings to select the type of units that will be used, select between Imperial or Metric.

Note that Altium components are designed using the DXP Defaults imperial grid, if you change to a metric grid the component pins will no longer fall onto a grid of 10 – because of this, it is recommended to use the DXP Defaults grid unless you plan on only using your own components. Wiring the schematic:. To make sure you have a good view of the schematic sheet, press the PgUp key to zoom in or PgDn to zoom out. Firstly, wire the lower pin of resistor R1 to the base of transistor Q1 in the following manner.

Click the button Place » Wire to enter the wire placement mode. The cursor will change to a cross hair. Position the cursor over the bottom end of R1. When you are in the right position, a red connection marker large cross will appear at the cursor location.

This indicates that the cursor is over a valid electrical connection point on the component. Click the Left Mouse Button or press Enter to anchor the first wire point. Move the cursor and you will see a wire extend from the cursor position back to the anchor point. Position the cursor over the base of Q1 until you see the cursor change to a red connection marker. If the wire is forming a corner in the wrong direction, press Spacebar to toggle the corner direction.

Click or press Enter to connect the wire to the base of Q1. The cursor will release from that wire. Note that the cursor remains a cross hair, indicating that you are ready to place another wire.

To exit placement mode completely and go back to the arrow cursor, you would Right-Click or press ESC again – but don’t do this just now. Next wire from the lower pin of R3 to the collector of Q1. Position the cursor over the lower pin of R3 and click or press Enter to start a new wire. Move the cursor vertically till it is over the collector of Q1, and click or press Enter to place the wire segment. Again the cursor will release from that wire, and you remain in wiring mode, ready to place another wire.

Wire up the rest of your circuit, as shown in the animation above. When you have finished placing all the wires, right-click or press ESC to exit placement mode.

The cursor will revert to an arrow. Wiring Tips Left-click or press Enter to anchor the wire at the cursor position.

Press Backspace to remove the last anchor point. Press Spacebar to toggle the direction of the corner. You can observe this in the animation shown above, when the connector is being wired. Available modes include: 90, 45, Any Angle and Autowire place orthogonal wire segments between the click points.

Right-click or press Esc to exit wire placement mode. Whenever a wire crosses the connection point of a component, or is terminated on another wire, a junction will automatically be created. A wire that crosses the end of a pin will connect to that pin, even if you delete the junction. Check that your wired circuit looks like the figure shown, before proceeding. Wiring cross-overs can be displayed as a small arch if preferred, enable the option in the Schematic – General page of the Preferences dialog.

Adding net labels:. Click the button Place » Net Label. A net label will appear floating on the cursor. To edit the net label before it is placed, press Tab key to open the Net Label dialog. Type 12V in the Net field, then click OK to close the dialog. Place the net label so that the bottom left corner of the net label touches the upper most wire on the schematic, as shown in the image below.

The cursor will change to a red cross when the net label is correctly positioned to connect to the wire. If the cross is light grey, it means there will not be a valid connection made. After placing the first net label you will still be in net label placement mode, so press the Tab key again to edit the second net label before placing it.

Place the net label so that the bottom left of the net label touches the lower most wire on the schematic as shown in the image below. Right-click or press ESC to exit net label placement mode.

Save your circuit, and the project as well. Net Labels, Port and Power Ports As well as giving a net a name, Net Labels are also used to create connectivity between 2 separate points on the same schematic sheet. Ports are used to create connectivity between 2 separate points on different sheets. Offsheet connectors can also be used to do this.

Power Ports are used to create connectivity between points on all sheets, for this design Net Labels or Power Ports could have been used. Compiling the Project After you complete the schematic in Altium Designer, you compile it.

Configuring the Error Checking:. Scroll through the list of error checks to the Violations Associated with Components group. Changing the Connection Matrix:. To change one of the settings click the colored box, it will cycle through the 4 possible settings. Note that you can right-click on the dialog face to display a menu that lets you toggle all settings simultaneously, including an option to restore them all to their Default state handy if you have been toggling settings and cannot remember their default state.

Your circuit contains only Passive Pins on resistors, capacitors and the connector and Input Pins on the transistors. Let’s change the default settings so that the connection matrix detects unconnected passive pins. Look down the row labels to find the Passive Pin row. Look across the column labels to find Unconnected. The square where these entries intersect indicates the error condition when a passive pin is found to be unconnected in the schematic.

The default setting is green, indicating that no report will be generated. Click on this intersection box until it turns Ora nge as shown in the image above , so that an error will be generated for unconnected passive pins when the project is compiled.

You will purposely create an instance of this error later in the tutorial. Configuring Class Generation:. Clear the Component Classes checkbox, as shown in the image above.

This will automatically disable the creation of a placement room for that schematic sheet. There are no buses in the design, so there is no need to clear the Generate Net Classes for Buses checkbox located near the top of the dialog tab.

There are no user-defined Net Classes in the design done through the placement of Net Class directives on the wires , so there is no need to clear the Generate Net Classes checkbox in the User-Defined Classes region of the dialog tab. You are now ready to compile the project and check for any errors.

Compiling and checking for errors:. When the project is compiled, all warnings and errors are displayed in the Messages panel. The panel will only appear automatically if there are errors detected not when there are only warnings , to open it manually click the button down the bottom right, and select Messages from the menu.

If your circuit is drawn correctly, the Messages panel should not contain any errors, just the message Compile successful, no errors found. If the there are errors, work through each one, checking your circuit and ensuring that all wiring and connections are correct. You will now deliberately introduce an error into the circuit and recompile the project: Click on the Multivibrator.

SchDoc tab at the top of the design window to make the schematic sheet the active document. Click in the middle of the wire that connects R1 to the base wire of Q1. Small, square editing handles will appear at each end of the wire and the selection color will display as a dotted line along the wire to indicate that it is selected.

Press the Delete key on the keyboard to delete the wire. PrjPcb to check for errors. The Messages panel will display warning messages indicating you have unconnected pins in your circuit. The Messages panel is divided horizontally into 2 regions, as shown in the image above. The upper region lists all messages; which can be saved, copied, cross probed to, or cleared via the right-click menu. When you double-click on an error or warning in either region of the Messages panel, the schematic view will pan and zoom to the object in error.

Before you finish this section of the tutorial, let’s fix the error in our schematic. Make the schematic sheet the active document. PrjPcb – the Messages panel should show no errors. Save the schematic and the project file as well. When you double click on an error in the Messages panel: The entire schematic fades, except for the object in error. The amount that the schematic fades is controlled by the Dim level, set by clicking the button down the bottom right.

The schematic zooms to present the object in error. Adding a New Board to the Project:. Note that you do not need to enter the file extension in the Save As dialog, this is automatically appended. Adding the PCB has changed the project, so save the project too right-click on the project filename in the Projects panel, and select Save Project.

Setting the Origin and the Grid:. There are two origins used in the software, the Absolute Origin, which is the lower left of the workspace, and the user-definable Relative Origin, which is used to determine the current workspace location.

Before setting the origin, Keep zooming in to the lower left of the current board shape until you can easily see the grid – to do this position, the cursor over the lower-left corner of the board shape and press PgUp until both the Coarse and Fine grids are visible, as shown in the images below.

To set the Relative Origin, select Edit » Origin » Set , position the cursor over the bottom left corner of the board shape, then left click to locate it. The next step is to select a suitable snap grid, as discussed in the table above. During the course of design it is quite common to change grids, for example you might use a coarse grid during component placement, and a finer grid for routing.

For this tutorial you will be using a Metric grid. By entering the units as you entered a value, you have also instructed the software to switch to a Metric grid. If you look at the Status bar you can confirm that the Grid is now metric. Redefining the Board Shape:. The default board shape is 6×4 inch, for the tutorial the board size is 30mm x 30mm.

The board will exactly fill the PCB editor. The next step is to change the board shape. The display will change, the board area will now be shown in green. Your choice now is to either redefine the board shape draw it again , or edit the existing board shape.

For a simple square or rectangle, it is more efficient to edit the existing board shape, to do this select Design » Edit Board Shape from the menus. Note that you must be in Board Planning Mode for this command to be available. Editing handles will appear at each corner and the center of each edge, as shown below.

Note that clicking anywhere other than on an editing handle or an edge of the shape will drop you out of board shape editing mode. Use the current location information down the bottom left of the Status bar to guide you as you reshape the board.

Transferring the design from schematic capture to PCB layout:. Make the schematic document, Multivibrator. SchDoc, the active document. PcbDoc from the Schematic editor menus. The project will compile and the Engineering Change Order dialog will open. Click on Validate Changes. If all changes are validated, a green tick will appear next to each change in the Status list.

If the changes are not validated, close the dialog, check the Messages panel and resolve any errors. When completed, the target PCB opens with the Engineering Change Order dialog open on top of it, and the Done column entries become ticked as shown in the image below. Click to Close the dialog and complete the transfer process. The components will have been positioned outside of the board, ready for placing on the board. There are a few steps before starting the component process, such as configuring the placement grid, the layers and the design rules.

Right-click on a Tab to access frequently-used layer display commands. Configuring the Layer Visibility:. Open the View Configurations dialog. In the Board Layers and Colors tab, confirm that the 2 signal layers are visible. Note that this dialog is where you control the display of the mask layers, the silkscreen layers and the system layers, such as DRC and grids. To have less visual “clutter” during placement and routing, disable the display of the Mechanical Layers, all of the Mask Layers, and the Drill Guide and Drill Drawing layers.

Switch to the View Options tab. Click OK to accept the settings and close the dialog. Configuring the board layer stack:. Open the Layer Stack Manager. For a new board, the default stack comprises: a dielectric core, 2 copper layers, as well as the top and bottom soldermask coverlay and overlay silkscreen layers, as shown in the image above.

New layers and planes are added below the currently selected layer, which is done via the Add Layer button, or the right-click menu. Layer properties, such as material, copper thickness and dielectric properties, are included when a Layer Stack Table is placed, and are also used for signal integrity analysis. Double-click in a cell to configure that setting. For example, the Thickness settings shown in the image below have been changed slightly to more suitable metric values. When you have finished exploring the layer stack options, restore the values to those shown in the image above and click OK to close the dialog.

Support for Multiple Grids Altium Designer allows multiple snap grids to be defined. Only the default grid is used in this tutorial. Configuring the snap grid:. Type the value 1mm into the Step X field. Because the X and Y fields are linked, there is no need to define the Step Y value.

To make the grid visible at lower zoom levels set the Multiplier to 5x Grid Step , and to make it easier to distinguish between the two grids, set the Fine grid to display as lighter colored Dots. Click OK to close the dialog. Configuring the Routing Width Rule for the signal nets:. Each rules category is displayed under the Design Rules folder left hand side of the dialog. Double-click on the Routing category to expand the category and see the related routing rules.

Then double-click on Width to display the currently defined width rules. Click once on the existing Width rule to select it. When you click on the rule, the right hand side of the dialog displays the settings for that rule, including: the rule’s Where the First Object Matches in the top section also referred to as the rule’s scope – what you want this rule to target ; with the rule’s Constraints below that.

Since this rule is to target the majority of nets in the design the signal nets , confirm that the Where the First Object Matches setting is set to All. An additional rule will be added to target the power nets. Note that the settings are reflected in the individual layers shown at the bottom of the dialog, you can also configure the requirements on a per-layer basis. The rule is now defined, click Apply to save it and keep the dialog open.

Adding a Routing Width Rule for the power nets:. The next step is to add another design rule to specify the routing width for the power nets. With the existing Width rule selected in the Design Rules tree on the left of the dialog, right-click and select New Rule to add a new Width constraint rule, as shown in the animation below. Click on the new rule in the Design Rules tree to configure its properties. The last step is to set the Constraints for the rule. Click Apply to save the rules and keep the dialog open.

When there are multiple rules of the same type, the PCB editor uses the rule Priority to ensure the highest prioity applicable rule is applied. When a new rule is added it is given the highest priority, and when a rule is duplicated the copy is given the priority below the source rule. Click the Priorities button down the bottom of the dialog to change priorities.

That is because this is a binary rule – it is a rule that applies between 2 objects. Defining the Electrical Clearance Constraint:. Expand the Electrical category in the tree of Design Rules, then expand the Clearance rule-type.

Click to select the existing Clearance constraint. Note that this rule has two Full Query fields, that is because it is a Binary rule. The rules engine checks each object targeted by the setting Where the First Object Matches and checks it against the objects targeted by the Where the Second Object Matches setting, to confirm that they satisfy the specified Constraints settings. For this design, this rule will be configured to define a single clearance between All objects.

In the Constraints region of the dialog, set the Minimum Clearance to 0. Click Apply to save the rule and keep the dialog open. Expand the Design Rule tree and select the default RoutingVias design rule. Since it is highly likely that the power nets can be routed on a single side of the board, it is not necessary to define a routing via style rule for signal nets and another routing via style rule for power nets. Set all fields Min, Max, Preferred to the same size.

Save the PCB file. Setting the component positioning options:. This ensures that when you “grab” a component to position it, the cursor will hold the component by its reference point.

Note the Smart Component Snap option, if this is enabled you can force the software to snap to a pad center instead of the reference point by clicking and holding closer to the required pad than the component’s reference point.

This is very handy if you require a specific pad, to be on a specific grid point. It can work against you if you are working with small surface mount components though, as it can make it harder to “grab” them by their reference point. The connection lines are automatically re-optimized as you move a component – use them to help orient and position the components so that there is the least amount of connection line cross-overs.

Positioning the components:. Zoom to display the board and the component. One way to do this is to zoom out PgDn so the board and the components are all visible, then right-click and choose View » View Area , then click to define the top left and bottom right of the exact area you wish to view.

The components will be positioned on the current Snap grid. For a simple design such as this there are no specific design requirements that dictate what placement grid should be used, as the designer, you decide what a suitable placement grid would be. To simplify the process of positioning the components you can work with a coarse placement grid, for example 1mm.

The components in the tutorial can be placed as shown in the image above. To place connector P1 , position the cursor over the middle of the outline of the connector, and Click-and-Hold the left mouse button.

The cursor will change to a cross hair and jump to the reference point for the part. While continuing to hold down the mouse button, move the mouse to drag the component. Press the Spacebar to rotate the component if required, and position the footprint towards the left-hand side of the board, as shown in the figure above. When the connector component is in position, release the mouse button to drop it into place. Note how the connection lines drag with the component. Reposition the remaining components, using the figure above as a guide.

Component text can be repositioned in a similar fashion – click-and-drag the text and press the Spacebar to rotate it. The PCB editor also includes powerful interactive placement tools. Let’s use these to ensure that the four resistors are correctly aligned and spaced. Holding the Shift key, click on each of the four resistors to select them, or click and drag the selection box around all 4 of them.

A shaded selection box will display around each of the selected components, in the color set for the system color called Selections. Right-click on any of the selected components and choose Align » Align to open the Align Objects dialog.

The four resistors are now aligned with the lowest component and equally spaced. Click elsewhere in the design window to de-select all the resistors. If required you can also align the capacitors and transistors, although this might not be required since you have a coarse Snap grid at the moment. Preparing for interactive routing:. The first option releases the cursor from the current route when you click on a pad to finish that route.

The second option allows you to change existing routing by simply routing an alternate path – you route a new path until it meets the old path creating a loop , then right-click to indicate it is complete – the software then automatically removes the old, redundant part of the routing.

This feature will be explored later in the tutorial. Interactively routing the board:. Check which layers are currently visible by looking at the Layer Tabs at the bottom of the workspace. Click on the Top layer tab at the bottom of the workspace to make it the current, or active layer, ready to route on.

Click button on the Wiring Toolbar, select Interactive Routing from the Place menu, or right-click and choose Interactive Routing from the context menu. The cursor will change to a crosshair, indicating you are in interactive routing mode.

Position the cursor over the lower pad on connector P1. As you move the cursor close to the pad it will automatically snap to the center of the pad – this is the Snap To Object Hotspot feature pulling the cursor to the center of the nearest electrical object configure the Range of attraction in the Board Options dialog. Sometimes the Snap To Object Hotspot feature pulls the cursor when you don’t want it to, in this situation press the Ctrl key to temporarily inhibit this feature.

Left-Click or press Enter to anchor the first point of the track. Move the cursor towards the bottom pad of the resistor R1, and click to place a vertical segment. Note how track segments are displayed in different ways as shown in the image below. During routing, the segments are shown as: Solid – the segment has been placed. Hatched – hatched segments are proposed but uncommitted, they will be placed when you left-click.

Hollow – this is referred to as the look-ahead segment, it allows you to work out where the last proposed segment should end. This segment is not placed when you click, unless the next click will complete the route. In this situation the Automatically Terminate Routing option kicks in and overrides the default look-ahead behavior. Manually route by Left-Clicking to commit track segments, finishing on the lower pad of R1.

Note how each mouse click places the hatched segment s. For the connection that you are currently routing, press Backspace to rip up the last-placed segment. Auto-complete behaves in the following way: It takes the shortest path, which may not the best path as you need to always consider paths for other connections yet to be routed.

If you are in Push mode shown on the Status bar when routing , Auto-complete can push existing routes to reach the target.

On longer connections, the Auto-Complete path may not always be available as the routing path is mapped section by section, and complete mapping between source and target pads may not be possible.

You can also Auto-complete directly on a pad or connection line. Continue to route all the connections on the board. Use the techniques detailed above to route all of the connections between the other components on the board. The simple animation above shows the board being interactively routed. There is no single solution to routing a board, so it is inevitable that you will want to change the routing. The PCB editor includes features and tools to help with this, they are discussed in the following sections and are also demonstrated in the animation shown above.

Save the design when you are finished routing. Exploring the capabilities of the autorouter:. Select Route » Auto Route » All. The lower half of the dialog shows the available Routing Strategies , the selected one will be highlighted. For this board it should default to the Default 2 Layer Board strategy. Click the Route All button in the Routing Strategies dialog. The Messages panel displays the process of the autorouting. Because it routes your board directly in the PCB editing window, there is no need to wrestle with exporting and importing route files.

Alternatively, you can modify the Routing Layers design rule. An important point to make, the autorouter prefers a challenging board, often giving better results on a dense, more complex design than on a simple board.

To improve the quality of the finished result, select Autoroute » All again, except this time select the Cleanup routing strategy. This strategy will attempt to straighten the routes, reducing the number of corners. You can run the Cleanup strategy multiple times if required. If nothing changes you might like to interactively re-route a connection in a convoluted pattern, then try the Cleanup strategy. If you want to keep the autorouting results, save your board. Don’t worry if the routing in your design is not exactly the same as shown in the figure above – because the component placement is not exactly the same, the routing will not be either.

There are 2 different methods available for displaying violations, each with their own strengths. You are now ready to check the design for errors. Measure Distance – measure the distance between the 2 locations you click after running the command, keep an eye on the Status bar for instructions.

The location that you can click is constrained by the current snap grid. Selected Primitives – measure the length of selected tracks and arcs. Use this to work out route lengths, select the required objects manually, or use the Select » Physical Connection or Select » Connected Copper commands.

Between Primitives – measure the edge-to-edge distance between the 2 primitives you click on after running the command, keep an eye on the Status bar for instructions. Remember, the collapsible parts comprise tips on designing the placement process, which is more effective than developing after placement. You have successfully positioned the components. However, you should widely space the components as illustrated above to create enough space for wiring all the component pins.

You require adequate spacing since you cannot position wires underneath pins to access them beyond the wires. Otherwise, you will link all the pins to the wire.

When moving components, press-and-hold them and relocate them by dragging the mouse. The first thing to do in adding a PCB is to wiring your board to create connectivity between the different parts. Luckily, the wiring process is easy. As an illustration, refer to the diagram below.

Then Finally, press and hold to relocate positioned components. You can also press ctrl, click, and hold at the same time to move the parts together with the wires. Every set of arts that you have linked is known as a net. For instance, a net can consist of base Q1, pin R1, and C1. Altium naturally assigns every net a label based on the type of component pins. Before you relocate your schematic design to the circuit board editor, you should make a blank PCB, label, and save it.

There are several settings of the blank PCB that you need to modify before moving your schematic design. They include defining the origin, changing the imperial units to metric, choosing an appropriate snap grid, resizing the PCB shape to the recommended size, and arranging the design layers. The best way to delimit the shape of a non-rectangular PCB is by placing tracks on the keep-out layer.

It would be best to move your Schematic directly from the schematic editor to the circuit board editor. You do not have to create another netlist document to facilitate the transfer. Alternatively, you can go to the circuit board editor and click on Design, then choose Import Changes Multi-vibrator. If you use one of the above commands, you will compile your design and generate some orders, like:. List every schematic component and its corresponding footprints. When you implement the ECOs, the application will try to find each impression in the libraries or Content Vault and position them in the workspace’s circuit board.

The software generates a list of schematic nets. It would help if you implemented the ECOs to relocate the nets to the circuit board and introduce every net’s pins. Once you have completed all the ECOs, parts and nets will pop-up on the right side of your circuit board workspace, as illustrated below.

Before placing the parts on the PCB, you should modify the board working area and some settings, like layers and grids. Apart from the PCB fabrication layers, the circuit editor also facilitates other non-electrical layers.

These layers are mostly classified, as shown below:. Mechanical layers, like the 32 general use mechanical layers, which are useful in design activities and special purpose activities. They can also be used in the print and Gerber generation or paired. Another standard layer is the unique layers, such as the upper and lower silkscreen layers and the multi-layers. The View Configuration window configures the display characteristics of each layer.

To access it:. The animation of the designed PCB. Altium Designer can connect to a Workspace for providing a single, secure data source and storage while affording unparalleled collaboration. It could be an Altium Workspace — a Workspace hosted on the Altium cloud-based infrastructure platform , or Concord Pro Workspace — a Workspace provided through Altium Concord Pro , a solution installed and managed by your own IT department.

This tutorial focuses on using Altium Designer with a connected Workspace — the most streamlined and empowered environment for your design needs. However, if you are not able to enjoy the benefits that a connected Workspace brings, you can store your design data, including projects, component libraries, and design outputs, locally on your hard drive or in a shared network resource.

To complete this tutorial, you will need to be connected to a Workspace. You’re ready to begin capturing drawing the schematic.